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CSE SOPS (From Other Fields)

Hi Friends I have collected Some SOPs from web and presenting here for mutual benefit. These SOPs give an idea about how to change from other discipline to CSE. Hopefully these are helpful to you.


STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 1 (Electronics to CSE)

Electronics – as we know is a dynamic field, ever developing and constantly evolving. That is what prompted me to take u this particular course with the Shah and Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College, recognized as one of the best colleges in the University of Mumbai. My undergraduate course offered a vast curriculum of integrated subjects like Electrical, Computers, Telecommunications and Instrumentation. Electronics was also my subject of specialization after my secondary School Certificate exam. Two years of Higher Secondary School gave me fair idea of what to expect at the undergraduate level. My ardent interest and dedication enabled me to secure distinction at the Higher Secondary Certificate exams. Now I plan to specialize in Computer Science. Needles s to mention that the United States is the world leader in this field and your academic institutions are held in high esteem worldwide. What attract me though, are the freedom of academics and the variety of courses offered by your prestigious institute.

This undergraduate program has given me a strong foundation and has brought about considerable maturity in my outlook. Among my favorite subjects in class were Mathematics and Calculus, Numerical Methods, Programming in Pascal and C and Microprocessor Architecture. My senior year elective was an integrated course of Intel Pentium architecture and assembly language programming, WindowsNT and PCI bus architecture.

Reflecting on my undergraduate days, I wold life to emphasize on my consistent academic record. I believe that knowledge is not what one is able to retain and reproduce on a sheet of paper. It is grasping of the complexities of the subject and founding a strong technical base that matters. I love to read a lot of books and journals. Besides giving me a fair idea of the subject, this also gives me an opportunity to keep abreast of the latest developments and technology. My favorites are the IEEE publications and journals, PC Quest, Electronics for You and the CHIP Magazine.

I represented the college at an all-college convention of IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, an international organization). My college project titled “Back EMF Strategy used in Stepper Motor Control” did pretty well and though I did not make it among the pot three at the presentation, my seminar was well received by the audience as several people and even some senior members expressed their appreciation of my topic and the detailed information that I imparted as part of my presentation. This encouragement truly has boosted my confidence.

I carried out my senior year project titled “Professional and Management Development Cell System” at Tata Constancy Services (TCS), a premier software company in India and the Indian consultants for Microsoft Corporation. My main project involved creation of a company wide database to help train the employees using MS-Access as the underlying database. Because this project involved all the branches of the company countrywide, I also gained some working experience of the Internet, Intranets and LANs. While I had the opportunity to gain some knowledge of Visual Basic, VC++ and JAVA.

In my final year of undergraduation, I secured a job at Mahindra British Telecom, a leading IT company formed by merging Mahindra & Mahindra India Ltd. with the worked famous British Telecom Pl. Currently, I am working there as software engineer. I have come to realize that in order to keep up with the reckless pace of innovation in this field and to meet up to the standards of my counterparts from across the globe, I have to equip myself with a strong degree from Institute of International acclaim. Your college, I feel offers me the best in terms of courses, guidance, facilities and faculty. Being a hard working and committed student, I am certain that I will be able to cope with the rigors of an International curriculum with ease. My determination to succeed and do well will enable me to be among the better students of your college.


STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 2 (Electronics to CSE)


Time and effort if put together, definitely leads to success. I still remember, that Friday night, I was debugging a hospital management project. I didn’t realize how the night drifted off so quickly, but finally I arrived at the solution. These comprehensive efforts were aptly rewarded when my project was implemented for a cardiac clinic. This experience in developing a client server based system infused into my mind the love for computers over electronics, and aspired me to delve into the field of software engineering.

81.57% in my secondary school admitted me into Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering at one of the ranked colleges in Mumbai, Vivekanand Education Society Polytechnic (VESP). Here I realised the importance of Microprocessors, Satellite Networks, Mobile Communication etc. in today’s environment. The final year project “Cordless FM transmitter and Receiver” was concentrated on wireless communication.

Knowing the importance of computers in today’s world, I enrolled into NIIT, a pioneer in providing software education in India. Here I learned operating systems like UNIX, Win NT, Linux, Programming languages like c, c++, Java, developer tools like Visual Basic, Microsoft Foundation Classes, DBMS like SQL server, Sybase and 32 bit windows architecture. The final semester project was to develop & to simulate day to day operations in a hospital. This project took me to the top of the class where the project was much appreciated by the centre head and the dean himself, because it facilitates all the functionalities that can be found in a medium sized hospital. My teachers encouraged me to present this project to the hospital manager of Varun Cardiac Clinic (VCC). Finally after 2 months of interaction with doctors and managers of the hospital, I developed a real life time system by employing 3 assistant programmers. I got plenty of experience not only in dealing with clients, but also in work management and time management, as I was simultaneously studying in the diploma college too.

The natural progression after diploma was pursuing a Bachelors of Engineering degree in Electronics at Shah & Anchor Kutchi Engineering College. Electrical Networks, Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Systems, Robotics, Data and Digital Communications all gave me a sound idea of the technological advances in the modern world. My final year project “Inventory and Stores Control”, developed in a GUI environment focussed on the inventory system. My joy knew no bounds when I heard that the project was successfully tested by experts and is replacing the older version in the college.

I believe that experience plays a key role in one’s career. I was lucky enough to meet Mr. Anand Sarvaiya, a Senior ERP consultant at Oracle Apps, Japan, over Internet who gave me an opportunity to work on a live project for DSP Meryll Lynch Global Integrated Solutions Ltd as an offshore development from Feb 99 to Jul 99. Here I learned, how the sub division system software of a huge company is integrated under a common head, so that the system works smoothly and leads to an efficient outcome. Working with international members of the team was simply fantastic. Although I programmed on a small part of a huge system, I played an important part as a team member who was always ready for more work. This has always been my motto "Work is Worship". This experience had tuned me to the workings of a large corporate and have also polished my computer know-how. I am extremely proud to state that I am the only one from the entire college who has worked on an international level.

Master’s from your University will not only impart a sound education in latest technologies, but will also push me ahead in the computing world. My intentions, my dreams, my goals are clear, I look forward to become an ERP Consultant with software giants like Arthur & Anderson Consulting, Oracle Apps. etc. and I am sure a good education, infrastructure and opportunities that come my way, will help me in achieving my goals. I have always tried my best to achieve optimised and unconventional solutions in order to build a rising success.



Statement of Purpose 3 (Metallurgy to CSE)


Since my first introduction to the technology of computers, I was quite fascinated and this fascination has developed a latent interest for knowing more and increasing my knowledge in this field. From the days of my school, I had developed this interest and I always updated myself to the latest software and literature in this field.

However, after my higher secondary examination, I was not able to get into the computer field. So I had to compromise with my high desire and hence sought admission to B.E degree in metallurgy. This had to be done keeping in mind that I have to graduate in any field, so as to seek my higher goals.

I graduated from the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (Gujarat) with distinction in the final year. During my four-year stay in Baroda, I never missed any opportunity of updating myself in the field of my interest.

To put it briefly, I joined ‘Lakhotiya Computer Center’- software training institute which is affiliated to Central College, UK, one of the oldest and most reputed private colleges of higher education in London, for software courses. The program is of 15 months duration and I will be completing it in the month of November ’98. The program has enhanced my knowledge in the field of my desire. I have learned the modules like Dos, MS-Office FoxPro, Hardware concepts, Internet concepts Unix, Oracle and I have yet to complete one more module of programming in ‘C’ and a project undertaken in oracle.

India is gearing to enter the twenty first century as one of the highly developed and industrialized nation on the globe. The adoption of liberalization along with the phenomenon of globalization has triggered a rapid industrial growth and the phenomenon of globalization has triggered a rapid industrial growth and technological upgradation. India is going to be one of the largest market and booming industrial center. This will create new opportunities especially in the field of computer technology. Hence, I wish to take the opportunity of securing an MS Degree in computer science and avail the opportunity of serving my country and people.

My aim of seeking admission in US is to avail the advantages of securing the best of knowledge and the opportunity of the best academic facilities and environment.

I am assured that your university has excellent and strong foundation and the best of infrastructure that will bring the best out of me and help me achieve my goal of being a computer scientist and serve my country to the best of my abilities and patriotism. I hope that I am given this opportunity to fulfill my long cherished dream.

Your kind consideration of my case will be highly acknowledged.




Statement of Purpose 4 (Mechanical to CSE) from BITS Pilani


“There is one thing anyone can do better than everyone else on earth and it is usually reading his or her own handwriting”


I propose to read myself starting from childhood to school days to college days to the vestibule of my career. In a few months’ time, I will be completing my B.E., (hons) Mechanical degree and M.Sc.(hons) Mathematics from a prestigious University namely the Birla Institute Of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, India. I am now in the next stage of building my career. I am aware of the influence that the decision will have on my life and I find that I have no hesitation in progressing along a path I had been planning over the last four years.

It is my firm conviction that, that one should apply one’s creativity and talent to contribute something original in science and technology. This calls for a specialization in the field of his interest. It is in this respect that, I feel undergraduate education is lacking in depth. A graduate education at a reputed university would be invaluable in honing my skills and knowledge, which are very vital for shaping my career. After a careful consideration of my academic background, abilities and career goals, I have decided to pursue my graduate studies in the field of Mechanical Engineering.

My decision to embrace the field of Engineering has been the result of numerous influences. I come from a family of successful engineers and professors. The excitement and vitality, that I would be a part of their profession, have amazed and impressed me. Simultaneously, my schooling revealed my keen interest for Mathematics and Sciences, and my consistent academic performances instilled confidence about my capabilities. The concurrency of these influences had been responsible for the growing desire within me to become an engineer.

In high school, I chose Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry as my majors and developed a strong understanding of the basic fundamentals. This was amply reflected as I secured an overall percentage of 97.5% in the Higher Secondary Examination. I then joined the Birla Institute of Technology and Science (Pilani), a renowned Institution for Engineering Education.

When confronted with a host of fields to choose from, I chose Mechanical Engineering and Mathematics. This is one combination, of Engineering and Mathematics that has a great scope for specialization and can be interfaced with any other field, like Computer Science, Electronics etc.. I feel that this is one field that gives me a wide perspective of almost all the fields of Engineering and would enable me to enhance my knowledge and skills that are essential for the pursuit of graduate study. I have sound knowledge in latest soft wares like pro-e, Ansys, AutoCAD, and programming languages like C\C++, Java and Operating systems like Unix, Dos and Windows.

During the past three years in Birla Institute of Technology and Science (Pilani), I have been exposed to various courses in Mechanical Engineering like Mechanics of Solids, Structure and Properties of Materials, Applied Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomenon. I have consistently performed and topped in all these four subjects of study, which gave me sufficient insight to do more core subjects as part of my Compulsory Disciplinary Courses (CDC). Which include Advanced Mechanics of Solids and Kinematics, Design of Machine Elements, Production Techniques, Transport phenomenon II, Dynamics of Machine and Vibrations, Computer Aided Design, Power Plant Engineering, Prime Movers and Fluid Mechanics in my, seventh and eight semesters, in which also I maintained my performance. As part of my M.Sc (hons)Mathematics degree, I have done several core mathematics courses like Graph Theory and Networking, Linear Algebra, Advanced Calculus, Real ********, Topology, Functional ********, Differential Geometry, Fuzzy Logic and Application, Measure and Integration, which gives me an edge over my fellow batch mates when it come to appreciating the mathematics behind Mechanical Engineering. The Mathematical back ground together with my proficiency in using computers to solve problems, have provided me with a strong background needed to effectively deal with various aspects of Design and Control. Due to my interest in Design of mechanical Systems, CAD/CAM and Control Systems, I have undertaken Projects entitled “Computer Simulation Of Compression Ignition Engine Processes”, “Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control For an All Terrain Vehicle” and a final semester thesis entitled “Application of collision detection algorithms in defining cutter path”. These Projects helped me gain a better insight into my areas of interest. My interest together with my passion towards Mechanical Engineering will, I feel, help me in pursing graduate study in Communication and Control.

Through the brochure, my friends and also by browsing the web, I came to know that YYYY is one of the leading and prestigious institutions for research and the curriculum matches my study objectives. It would be an invaluable opportunity for me to work with the renowned faculty at YYYY for my graduate study. I assure you that if I am admitted, I shall strive to contribute significantly to live up to your expectations. I hope that my credentials and background rise up to the standards expected and look forward to pursue my graduate studies there. I request you to consider me for admission with full financial assistance to the Department of Mechanical Engineering.

Thank you for considering my application.





STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 5 (Textiles to CSE)


I will never hide my talents, if I am silent, I am forgotten. If I do not advance, I will fall back. If I walk away from my challenge today, my self-esteem will forever be scarred, and if I cease to grow even a little, I will become smaller. I reject the stationary position because it is always the beginning of the end. The above philosophy has played an important role in the shaping of my objectives and framing of my plans for the future.

I have been dedicated towards my studies right from my childhood. I secured 70.44% in Maths and science in my higher secondary certificate examination (10+2 pattern) XII Science, 1996. That opened up doors for me to secure admission in the Four year Degree Program of Bachelor of engineering (B.E.) in Textile Processing at renowned Sarvajanik College of Engineering and Technology (SCET), Surat, India. This marked the beginning of one of the most important phase of learning in my life. This course took me a step closer towards fulfillment of my goal of delving deeper into the world of science.

During my eight semesters so far at SCET, I have come a long way in expanding my horizons. After learning the basics of engineering in first two semesters, we built a slid foundation of Chemistry and Textile Processing in the next two semesters. Out of the plethora of well-structured courses in Textile Processing, I also studied three computer subjects such as Computer Fundamentals &Programming in C Language, Computing Method Using C &Computer Aided Design &Computer Colour Matching.

My career aspirations have been influenced by fast development of latest technology in India by virtue of Commercial liberalization policy of Indian government and participation of foreign companies in advancement of Software &IT industry. Considering the need of information technology &programming Knowledge and my interest in computer subjects, I have decided to enroll for the course of Computer Science at your esteemed university.

I believe that the process of learning continues at every stage of life. It is with the help of course of Computer Science your university that I think; I can enhance my academic career. I desire to take graduate study in order to become conversant with Information Technology. I am well are that study in American demands hard work, sincerity and punctuality for which I am physically and mentally equipped. The main aim in opting for an American standard of education is very high competence Particularly in the field of information system.

I am confident that my earnest aspirations of academic endeavors will become a reality by your kind Consideration for my admission for masters program in Computer Science. I am confident you will find

In me a person giving his best in all challenging environments utilizing my knowledge and resources for mutual betterment.





STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 6 (B.Sc Finance to CSE)


I completed my Graduation in Bachelor of Commerce (Honors Course) in 1995. It taught me how to manage financial affairs, prepare balance sheets, etc. I liked the commerce field so I decided to do masters in that field. In 1997 I completed my Masters degree in Commerce. While doing the masters degree I joined our own finance company where my work was totally related to the finance field. Along with that I did Post Graduate Diploma in Management, again specializing in Finance and completed it in 1998. While doing the job I thought about getting some acquaintance with the computers so I did Advanced PC Applications from NIIT in Dec 1998 and a training program from Indira Gandhi National Open University in C, C++ and JAVA in June 1998. After doing these courses, I got a keen interest in computers. So I decided to g n for some programming language and I did ORACLE 8 with DEVELOPER 2000 (FORMS 5.0 AND REPORTS 3.0) in 1999 from SQL Star International Ltd., New Delhi, the Institute authorized by Oracle Software India. I am an Oracle Certified Professional (OCP), the certificate provided by Oracle Corporation, USA.

I did 2 projects in oracle. One was about Banking System and the second was about the Super Market. The Banking system was small software that handled all the transactions regarding bank, which provides the account holder information, and handling day to day transactions. This software automatically updates the account holder’s account mentioning the current balance in his account. The super market was sophisticated software, which stored the information regarding customer, products, vendors and credit card. This software also generated various bills like invoicing bill, receipt bill and customer payment bill.

After doing these many courses and 2 projects in computers I found that my interest towards computers has increased further. Moreover, now in every industry knowledge about IT is required. So I discovered that either I have the option to do Masters in Computer Applications (MCA) from India itself or go outside India to get a good Masters degree in computers. As in India, MCA is for three years, which I thought, is not feasible for me. So I decided for the second option i.e. doing MS in Computer Science from USA, which is a two year course. Further, MS in computer science is a professional degree worldwide and it will be easier for me to fulfill my dreams of becoming a software professional and getting a good job in India. Moreover, by doing this course from USA I will get an international l exposure and it will also enhance my overall personal development.


STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 7 (EEE to CSE)

Mans eternal quest for happiness naturally culminates into the search of truth through science and mathematics. To me a computer or a piece of algorithm is the most tangible materialization of the abstract mathematical thought hidden. In my view research is the means of demonstrating one’s ability to make an original contribution to the advancement of human knowledge. The spectrum of graduate study research is the next logical step towards my career objective.
Since my childhood I have been very fond of solving problems and puzzles in math and logic. The urge to learn and a keen sense of experiment characterized the 12 years of my school studies. I was always in top 5 students in my class throughout my schooling. The good response to my efforts, coupled with my prowess in dramatics, elocution and debating gives me the confidence to handle any teaching assignment.
The decision to seek a graduate degree in U.S.A. was a result of my search for a broader, more flexible, more interactive and challenging education than that offered in India.

A LOOK AT MY PAST
Having finished my secondary with a good performance in the school, I set out in search of my further course of study with the guidance of my parents. I decided to join the field of M.P.C. (Mathematics, Physics & Chemistry) for my higher secondary. In fact I was and brought up in an atmosphere of engineers. Most of my time was spent with my brothers and sisters, who are engineers. I came to know that Instrumentation engineering performs quintessential functions in the design & development of any equipment. So, my natural inclination was towards Instrumentation engineering. The “Engineering & Medical Common Entrance Test” was the real litmus test for my ambition for a seat in engineering. I managed to surpass this stumbling block by securing a good rank and join this Instrumentation engineering. With this, I landed in Lakireddy Balireddy College of engineering, one of the good engineering colleges of our state and an NRI promoted institution.
The undergraduate program turned out to be comprehensive and gave me a broader perspective of theoretical as well as practical aspects of the subjects. My interest in understanding the practical application of my subject let me to an opportunity to assist my professors. I visited various industries (V.T.P.S and LANCO) as part of my industrial tours. These visits also put me in a privileged position to interact with professional engineers and seek clarification to lingering doubts.

With this background in project implementation, as a partial fulfillment of my B-Tech degree I have done a project in our college.
Title: - Design and tuning of controllers for a double pipe heat exchanger using MATLAB. The project involves designing and tuning of controllers which are best suitable for industrial heat exchangers. The project was done taking a double pipe heat exchanger and simulating it using MATLAB software.

REASON FOR OPTING COMPUTERS:
I realized that the computer was being extensively used to encounter problems involving multiple constraints, complex system interaction with more rapidity and flexibility as compared to the time consuming and accuracy prone manual methods.
I was introduced to the world of computers at the age of 12 and playing with them was of great fascination to me. My interest in computer science stemmed from programming in high school, during which period I was introduced to computer basics. I found this informal literary venture, an intellectual stimulating exercise and resolved to pursue a career in Computer Science.

So, I enrolled myself into basic computer classes so that I can use this knowledge extension to help my career move towards computers. The next logic step was to fuel my aspirations by progressively developing command over high level languages and systems like UNIX, C,MS-OFFICE, JAVA,ORACLE.
I have learnt C Language & MS-OFFICE package as introductory courses to the high level languages in my 12th standard. I have developed few small projects in JAVA as under the guidance of my course tutor. I have done course in JAVA from”DataPro Computer Education Institute”, a well known institute in our city. I have also acquired the database knowledge by gaining command over the DBMS concepts and also learnt ORACLE9i. I am currently working on the OS concepts through UNIX Operating System.

WHY GRADUATE STUDY IN USA?
A good research career can only be built above the firm foundation of a good education, with research as my long term goal in mind; my immediate objective is to work towards a MS in Computer Sciences. Knowledge and proper training are essential to succeed in today’s competitive world. The best place where I can achieve this is in USA- the undisputed leader in developing new processes. I have gone through the brochures of your university very carefully and I have realized that the excellent facilities and high standards of faculty will provide a perfect environment for me to focus all my mental resources and independent research. The international exposure would certainly add an additional dimension to my personality that would help me find a place for myself anywhere in this world. I am confident that I have the requisite aptitude, commitment and motivation to make a meaningful contribution to my chosen field.

In conclusion, I do hope that I will be given the privilege to pursue my graduate studies at your renowned university and avail of the excellent infra-structural facilities and research opportunities it has to offer. If provided with such an opportunity, I would acquit myself creditably in your stimulating academic environment and thereby contribute my own
mite to the academic milieu at your department. I hence request to consider my candidature favorably.

Thanking you for giving me the opportunity to express my views.



STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 7 (ECE to CSE)



I have always wondered what makes a human so different from the rest of God’s creation. Is it just the ability to speak, the ability to convey feelings, the power to think and create? Does education make me human? My parents have always taught me that education is our only wealth. I pondered over it and found that education does make me a masterpiece of all of God’s works because education is the manifestation of the true potential in a human. Education does give me knowledge, but to be a complete individual, I need wisdom, which is gained by experience and by exposure to a variety of people and situations. Graduate studies at your university would provide me with both education and an exposure to an international atmosphere thereby, making me a whole individual.

Looking back through the years, my schooling at Viswakavi English Medium High School, Bhimavaram, laid the foundations required for education in me. Mathematics and Sciences truly enchanted me because they governed everything around me. Participation in Inter-school competitions in Quiz, Essay Writing, Drama and Science fairs always demanded an innovative perspective in me. During those years, a gift from my Uncle, a Remote Controlled Car, fascinated me to no ends. The power to steer a car from a distance was just unbelievable. It was in my high school that I could reason out that it is Electronics blended with computers and communications that makes such remote cars possible. I could observe that the Television I see, the Telephone I speak into, the Music system I listen to, are all the harvest of Electronics ,Computers and Communications. That sealed my interest for higher studies. My school’s motto “Perseverantia Omnia Vincit”, which means Perseverance always wins, taught me to be patient and conscientious in working to reach my goals. I worked hard to get admission into the highly competitive Electronics and Communication Engineering field. My determination got me into Padmasri Dr. B.V. Raju Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University.

During my undergraduate studies, the opportunity to meet people with similar interests and potential really shaped me considerably. I acquired the fundamentals of various subjects like Linear and Digital Integrated circuits, ******** and Digital Communications, C and Datastructures, Communication Systems, Computer Organization, Satellite Communications, Microprocessors, Digital Signal Processing, Digital Image Processing and Microwave Engineering. The excellent lab facilities helped me to practically work and apply such concepts to realize my ideas and imagination. Working on many Mini Projects like Security Systems, Wireless Communication Systems, etc always kept my creative genius at work and made me to think in every dimension. At this juncture I realized that the computer was being extensively used to encounter problems involving multiple constraints, complex system interaction with more rapidity and flexibility as compared to the time consuming and accuracy prone manual methods. My interest in computer science stemmed from programming in C & Data Structures Lab, during which period I was introduced to computer basics. I found this computer knowledge coupled with my electronics background was very much advantageous in creating system level models and resolved to pursue a career in Computer Science.

So, I enrolled myself into basic computer classes so that I can use this knowledge extension to help my career move towards computers. The next logic step was to fuel my aspirations by progressively developing command over high level languages and systems like UNIX, C,C++, MATLAB Coding, JAVA,ORACLE. I have learnt C Language & MS-OFFICE package as introductory courses to the high level languages in my 12th standard. I have developed back ground coding for small electronics projects in C & JAVA as under the guidance of my course tutor. I am currently working on the OS concepts through UNIX Operating System.

To be able to face the competition, I kept myself abreast with the latest technologies by reading magazines and attending workshops. In my final year, I took up a 6-month project under G..S.N. Raju, (Scientist-G, Project Director), Electronics & Radar Development Establishment, DRDO, Govt. of India- Ministry of Defense on “Implementation of Serial FPDP on Vertex II PRO Chip”. The project mainly involves interpreting coding and decoding of signals sent by the Radar System. In this project our team developed a VHDL code.

My statements about my research bent in the above lines would become hyperbole if 1 don't mention about my poor percentage of marks in my undergraduate studies. As 1 am intrinsically practical minded and our education system is more of a theoretical approach , my natural inquisitiveness could not be satisfied and hence I could not perform to the optimum level and ended scoring about 57 % only during my under graduation. In a right academic atmosphere where a proper blend of theory and practical approaches, 1 would be able to excel in my academic and research tasks.

My parents have always been the driving force behind me, always encouraging and always supporting. And they are the ones to embed the importance of education in me. My family members and relatives inspired and supported me to be above everyone else and stand out as an extraordinary individual. I have always had few friends to whom I have been loyal and supporting. I also take active part in the Church activities. I am a member of the Organizing Committee of my Youth Fellowship. Music has always been my favorite pastime. It was my determination that helped me learn to play Guitar on my own by following some books and observing others play. Now I am the lead guitarist in my church. This has taught me that if you have the thirst and determination, you will achieve the otherwise impossible tasks. The city where I have been brought up all these years, Hyderabad, is a multicultural metropolitan. I have seen it grow into one of the technological capitals in the world. It has taught me to be a civilized individual. But the sight of the homeless and poor on the city streets really disturbs me. I dream to reach a position where I could rid my city streets of all the poverty and desolation and I strongly believe that my education will help me reach that position. I have been keeping up with a recent decision to save the money I spend on cool drinks at my college ****** to help at least one in need.

It is by desire that I apply to your esteemed university with distinguished faculty and alumni. Your research interests match with mine and they will expose me to the frontiers of the latest technologies and widen my mental horizons. Your university is a confluence of people from many cultures, nationalities and ideologies. I am sure that my exposure to these kinds of diverse influences would aid in the overall development of my personality and help me broaden my concept from the narrower confines of nationalism and internationalism. Also with some of the best brains around, it would be inspiring me to bring the best out of myself.

I strongly believe that I possess the basic aptitude, discipline and perseverance to sustain the motivation and drive needed for a Master’s degree. As I embark on this stage of life, I am confident that education from your university will provide me with the best environment to achieve my goals and provide invaluable experiences. It is my conviction that through sheer diligence and application, I have the capability to make a positive contribution to your University.


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COMPUTER SCIENCE 31 SOPs of IITians-

Statement of Purpose-1


I am applying to Stanford University for admission to the Ph.D. program in Computer Science. I am interested in Theoretical Computer Science, particularly in the Design and ******** of Approximation Algorithms, Combinatory and Complexity Theory.

My interest in Mathematics goes back to the time I was at school. This interest has only grown through my years in school and high school, as I have learnt more and more about the subject. Having represented India at the International Mathematical Olympiads on two occasions, I have been exposed to elements of Discrete Mathematics, particularly Combinatory and Graph Theory, outside the regular school curriculum at an early stage. The intensive training programs we were put through for the Olympiads have given me a lot of confidence in dealing with abstract mathematical problems.

My exposure to Computer Science began after I entered the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay. The excellent facilities, courses and faculty have given me a firm background of the fundamentals in Computer Science. Having been exposed to the various facets of Computer Science in the course of my undergraduate studies, I have found Theoretical Computer Science most intellectually satisfying and stimulating. Courses like `Discrete Structures', `Data Structures and Algorithms’, Theory of Computation' and Algorithms and Complexity' have been my firm favorites. I find the problems in Theoretical Computer Science particularly appealing because of the flavor of abstract mathematics that I love so much. At the same time, the problems in this field have a concrete basis, originating from practical problems in Computer Science. This adds to their appeal.

Recently, a lot of exciting developments have taken place in the field of approximation algorithms. The Markov chain approach and the primal/dual approach have emerged as powerful techniques for the development of approximation algorithms. More recently, semi-definite programming has been used to obtain approximation algorithms for Optimization problems. An interesting connection with results in Interactive Proof Systems has yielded lower bounds on the approximability of various problems. I believe that these methods have a lot of potential. A lot of the pioneering work in these areas has been done by members of the faculty at Stanford. Prof. Rajeev Motwani has been involved in the work on Interactive Proof Systems and semi-definite programming. I have read about these results in the course of my seminar (Junior Thesis), my summer training at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bombay, and my B.Tech. Project (Senior Thesis). I find them very fascinating and intend to work with problems of a similar flavor.

I am convinced that I should pursue a career in research and teaching. For me, problem solving is an exhilarating experience, unequaled by anything else. It would be immensely gratifying for me to be able to contribute something to the understanding of a subject that has given me so much pleasure and joy. It would also be wonderful to have the opportunity to share with others that feeling of pleasure and joy, through teaching. My few experiences with teaching, as a tutor for an undergraduate course and as a lecturer in student workshops, have evoked favorable responses and have been thoroughly enjoyable. I believe that I have the capacity to make the commitment and accept the challenges that a career in research involves. I am confident that I have the requisite aptitude, exposure and motivation to make a meaningful contribution to my chosen field.

My summer training at TIFR has given me the experience of working in an organization oriented towards research. In the course of the two months I spent there, my interaction with the Theoretical Computer Science group has taught me a lot of things and also whets my appetite for more knowledge. I realize how important it is, as a researcher, to interact with other people working in the same field, and at the same time, am able to work individually.

A good research career can only be built above the firm foundation of a good education. With my long term goal in mind, my immediate objective is to work towards a Ph.D. in Computer Science. Having done my undergraduate studies at undoubtedly one of the best undergraduate institutions in India, I would consider it my privilege to be able to pursue my doctoral studies at Stanford University and avail of the excellent infrastructural facilities and research opportunities it has to offer. I am sure that the stimulating academic environment and interaction with the distinguished faculty at Stanford will prove immensely fruitful and facilitate my development as an individual Researcher in my field. I feel that Stanford has a lot to offer me, and at the same time, I am confident that I would be able to make a positive contribution to on-going research work at Stanford.

Having decided that I will engage in the pursuit of a career in research, I am fully aware of the implications. I am aware of the kind of dedication, resilience and resolve that it calls for. I feel that I am adequately prepared, both in having the technical qualifications, and in having the right mind-set for doctoral level Research work. I look forward to a long and mutually beneficial relationship with Stanford University.






Statement of Purpose-2

My objective for graduate studies in Computer Science is to prepare myself for the long term goal of pursuing a career of teaching and research. I have nurtured a strong passion to become a scientist and pursue research. In the pursuit of Knowledge, I have always adopted a rigorous approach in order to attain an in-depth understanding of the subject at hand. This has amply reflected in my consistently brilliant career, always topping the class and having received numerous national level awards. With a GPA of 9.72, I am ranked first at the IIT among nearly 350 students.


I have been involved in research in parallel and distributed computing systems. I studied various problems in distributed systems and distributed databases including deadlock detection and resolution , termination detection , distributed snapshots and consistency. I have been attracted towards the field of correctness of parallel programs. I published a Technical Report reporting errors in two published deadlock detection algorithms and highlight their underlying deficiencies with respect to the distributed nature of computation. I am also involved in the development of an optimizer generator which would automate the process of writing optimizers based on the specifications of the optimizations. I am currently engaged in writing a paper on an efficient algorithm for performing global data-flow ********. The new algorithm that I have developed utilizes the notion of backward information flow to perform propagation using work-lists in an efficient manner. I have been in correspondence with Professor J.D.Ullman about my algorithm and other aspects of the problem.


I have chosen to pursue graduate studies at Stanford University because by working under the guidance of the distinguished researchers I am confident of making an original contribution in the field of Computer Science. My interest in research has burgeoned during my undergraduate studies at IIT. I have excelled in our well-rounded and exacting undergraduate program and have developed a solid background to take up research in Computer Science.

I have decided to go in for graduate studies which calls for a personal commitment to the fulfilling craft of independent research and that involves willingly making personal sacrifices of time , leisure and immediate reward . In turn I shall get intellectual satisfaction and the gratification of becoming a contributor to knowledge through research and the greater personal rewards of learning and discovery. I believe that I possess the motivation, intellectual ability and preparation to set out on this exhilarating and arduous path and to make Significant original contributions to your on-going research work.


I look forward to joining Stanford University as a graduate student at your esteemed department.







Statement of Purpose-3



GOALS-SECTION

I, {\bf Amit Chakrabarti}, am applying to Princeton University for admission to the {\bf Ph.D. program} in {\bf Computer Science}. My research interests lie in the field of {\bf Theoretical Computer Science}. More specifically, I am interested in the Design and ******** of Algebraic, Combinatorial and Number Theoretic Algorithms as well as their applications. Other areas that interest me are Theory of Computation, Complexity Theory and Geometric Algorithms.

My long-term goal is to be actively involved with research and teaching in an area that I love. I look forward to such an involvement as a faculty member at a reputed university. A Ph.D. in one of the aforementioned areas would be the crucial first step towards this goal.

PERSONAL-BACKGROUND-SECTION

Both my parents have done their Ph.D.'s in Mathematics and my father is an active researcher in Applied Mathematics. This had inculcated in me a love for Mathematics right from my school days. On the other hand, I entered school in the same year in which the ``personal computer revolution'' began in India; therefore I have, in some sense, ``grown up with computers''. My interest in Theoretical Computer Science is the combined result of these two influences.

MATHS-BACKGROUND-SECTION

While in high school, I was involved with the Mathematical Olympiad program and this culminated in my being awarded a silver medal at the 34th International Mathematical Olympiad. As a result of this involvement, I was exposed to basic Combinatory, Graph Theory and Number Theory at an early age. Moreover, the intensive training-cum-selection program I underwent has honed my skills and bolstered my confidence in problem solving. It has also whetted my appetite for problem solving and made me a regular reader of the
Problem sections of periodicals like {\em American Mathematical Monthly} and {\em Mathematics Magazine}.

I was chosen, by the National Board of Higher Mathematics, as one of 18 undergraduates all over India to participate in their nurture program, in parallel with my formal undergraduate training. The resulting three-year-long interaction with the School of Mathematics of the prestigious Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), has given me a substantial background in advanced mathematics (including Group, Ring and Field Theory, Linear Algebra, Real and Complex ********, Measure Theory and Topology). As part of this year's program, I am studying Commutative Algebra, Algebraic Number Theory and
Functional ********.

I hope to put my mathematical background to good use in my research work.

CS-BACKGROUND-SECTION

I am currently a senior undergraduate student of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay, majoring in Computer Science and Engineering. I had chosen this department for its academically stimulating atmosphere, excellent faculty and broad spectrum of courses, many of which have a strong mathematical flavor.

Now, having acquired a firm foundation in the various areas of Computer Science, I am sure that my forte is Theoretical Computer Science. I find that my motivation, as well as my aptitude, is the strongest in this field: I have secured the highest possible grade (AA) in all the five theory courses that I have taken at IIT Bombay, namely, {\em Discrete Structures, Data Structures and Algorithms, Design and ******** of Algorithms, Theory of Computation} and {\em Operations Research}.

I have further enhanced my Theory background by opting for theoretical topics in my {\em Seminar} (junior thesis) and my {\em B.Tech.\ Project} (senior thesis). The former involved studies in Commutative Algebra and Computational Algebra, while the latter has involved Combinatorial Algorithms, Graph Theory and Randomized Algorithms and will soon involve Approximation Algorithms and applications of graph partitioning to VLSI design.

RESEARCH-PLANS-SECTION

I find Algorithms and Complexity theory the most appealing areas of Computer Science because of their many beautiful results together with their numerous applications to real-life problems in Databases, Operating Systems, Graphics, Compilers and so on. I am fascinated with the enormous potential for research in these areas which has been revealed to me in my {\em Seminar} and {\em B.Tech.\ project} and that is what I envisage myself doing a decade from now.

Since problem solving is the most enjoyable and rewarding experience I have ever known, and since it is an integral part of a career in research and teaching in Theoretical Computer Science, I am convinced that such a career is the right choice for me. I am eager to contribute something to a subject that has given me so much joy. I am also enthusiastic about being involved in its teaching, as teaching a subject enhances one's own understanding of it.

WHY-THIS-UNIV-SECTION

Princeton University has one of the world's very best Theoretical Computer Science groups. An opportunity to interact with this group would be a golden one for any budding theoretician.

From a careful study of the department's brochures and the advice of the faculty at IIT Bombay, I have realized that Princeton can provide me with a perfect environment for directing my mental resources towards independent research. I am confident of meeting the high standards of Princeton; my active involvement and enthusiasm in my undergraduate studies, which is amply reflected in my being ranked {\bf first in the institute}, should serve as proof of my possessing the necessary qualities.

CONCLUDING-SECTION

Keeping in mind my long-term goals, my immediate objective is to work towards a Ph.D. in Computer Science. I am aware of the kind of dedication, perseverance and resolve I need to have for a fruitful career in research and teaching. I believe my background has not only qualified me technically but also given me the right mind-set for such a career.

I look forward to joining as a graduate student in your department and having a long and mutually profitable association with Princeton University.







Statement of Purpose-4

Statement of long term goals
After carefully considering my aptitude, interests, the nature of my training and my ultimate professional ambition, I have decided to pursue a {\em Doctoral degree} in Computer Science, in my fields of interest {\em Computer Graphics} and {\em Computational Geometry},ultimately leading to a career in teaching and research. As a Statement of purpose of my graduate study, I describe here my academic background, research interests and career goals.

Academic achievements
I have excelled in academics at every stage of my education. In the twelve years of my schooling, I have always been ranked first or second in my class. I stood $111th out of 100,000 candidates in the highly competitive examination for admission to the undergraduate program at the Indian Institutes of Technology. In the Regional Mathematics Olympiad 1990, I was ranked 6th in my home state of Maharashtra.

Brief description of field of study
The excellent undergraduate program at the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay not only provided me with a strong foundation of Computer Science fundamentals, but also exposed me to various fields of Computer Science. I have always been interested in problems involving visualization. At IIT, this led to an inclination towards Computer Graphics and Computational Geometry. I substantiated my knowledge in these areas by choosing graduate level electives in Advanced Computer Graphics and Geometric Algorithms. I am currently working on my year long B.Tech Project (senior thesis) titled {\em Triangulations in 3 Dimensions}, under the guidance of Dr. Sharat Chandran. In this thesis we are looking at decompositions of polyhedral into surplices with an emphasis on obtaining well shaped tetrahedral.

Seminar
I am also interested in Multimedia technology. In my third year, I presented a home paper titled {\em Multimedia Databases} under the guidance of Dr. S. Seshadri. In this paper, our study was focused on issues involved in the storage and real time retrieval of multimedia objects in a multi-user environment.


Teaching and work experience

My years at IIT Bombay have given me substantial teaching experience. I have delivered lectures at Workshops on Unix conducted by the department and have been a teaching assistant for an introductory course in programming. This has built in me a lot of Confidence that is required to excel as a teacher.

Experience in field of study
Though my experiences in IIT Bombay have provided me with a strong foundation in my fields of interest, a good graduate program is necessary not only to increase my knowledge in these fields but to mould me into a good researcher. I am fully aware of the hard work and perseverance required for a successful career in research and I believe that I have the aptitude and drive to meet the challenge.

University paragraph
The Graduate program at SUNY, Stony Brook is fully suited to my goals. Graphics and Computational Geometry are strong areas of research at Stony Brook. I have found the faculty and the research work to be quite impressive. I feel that to be associated with this group would stand me in good stead throughout my research career. I have also been impressed by the computing facilities available at Stony Brook for research and education. My B.Tech Project advisor has also strongly encouraged me to apply to your program. I am confident that given the opportunity, I will be able to make significant Contributions to the ongoing research at Stony Brook.


I corresponded with Prof. Arie Kaufman whose encouraging reply reinforced my decision to apply to Stony Brook.


I look forward to joining SUNY, Stony Brook as a graduate student at your esteemed department.








STATEMENT OF PURPOSE-5


It is after a good deal of self-evaluation that I have decided to pursue graduate studies in Computer Science leading to a doctorate. This decision followed naturally after carefully considering my academic background, the areas of my interest, and my ultimate professional ambition, which is to pursue a research career, either as a teaching faculty member, or in an R & D department of the industry.

My undergraduate education at IIT Bombay has provided me with a strong and comprehensive background in Computer Science. The curriculum included all the basic courses such as Data Structures and Algorithms, Discrete Structures, Computer Organization and Design, Systems Programming, Theory of Computation, etc.

I had always been fascinated by the field of Artificial Intelligence, which is why I chose the topic of "Human and Artificial Intelligence" for my junior thesis. The literature survey that this entailed exposed me to the fundamental concepts, as also the research work in progress, in the various domains of Artificial Intelligence I concentrated on issues involved in Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Representation.

My B. Tech. project (senior thesis) is "Word Recognition, Spell Checking and Correction using ART-based neural networks". We are investigating the use of neural networks, configured under the Adaptive Resonance Theory paradigm, for the task of detecting spelling mistakes in English text and generating good suggestions for incorrectly spelled words. This guided independent work has given me a good understanding of the theoretical, experimental and computational skills required in Computer Science.

I have been a teaching assistant for the introductory course "Computer Programming and Utilization" conducted by Prof. R.D. Kumar of the Computer Science department. I have also helped in organizing, and given a lecture on the "VI" editor, during the UNIX workshop conducted by the Computer Science and Engineering Association of our Department.

There are two reasons why I believe that graduate study in a reputed department, such as yours, is important for a person aspiring for a research career. Firstly, working for a thesis under the guidance of an expert whose work can serve as a model is the most effective method of transforming a student into a largely independent researcher making significant original contributions. Secondly, the emphasis of graduate study on intensive and independent study of a specialized area is an ideal way of making a student capable of reaching the frontiers of knowledge in a subfield quickly and keeping abreast of the latest developments.

I feel that with its comprehensive facilities and competent faculty doing quality research work in the field of Artificial Intelligence will be the ideal place for me to pursue graduate studies. The working atmosphere of a vigorously active department will be helpful in motivating me towards excellence.

In short, I believe that a good graduate program is an essential step for realizing my professional ambition of becoming a competent researcher. I also believe that I possess the motivation, intellectual ability and preparation to do justice to a demanding graduate program. My excellent undergraduate record and my high GRE scores are testimony to that.

I, therefore, look forward to joining your department as a graduate student.




STATEMENT OF PURPOSE-6

{My Long Term Goals}
My undergraduate training in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, has exposed me to a stimulating academic environment where learning and research go hand--in--hand. Through the many opportunities I have had here, I have found that I have a deep interest in research work and a strong aptitude for the type of problem solving and problem discovery that it involves. I have, therefore, decided to pursue active research in Computer Science as a career.

{My Areas of Interest}
Of the many fields in the Computer Science spectrum, I am especially interested in Computer Systems. Within this field, I am interested in computer networks, distributed systems, operating systems and distributed operating systems. My junior seminar work, my practical training and my courses have given me plenty of exposure to these areas and I feel that I have sufficient motivation and aptitude to work in this field.

I am also interested in Programming Language design and Programming Systems. I have worked in these areas in my summer project at TIFR and in my ongoing B. Tech. project. I would like to continue to learn about these areas in my graduate program.

{My Immediate Goals}
I plan to work towards a Ph. D. program with a focus on Distributed and Parallel operating Systems. I would also like to follow up my interests in Computer Networks, Distributed Systems, Operating Systems and Programming Languages through my course work. I feel that this should be my next step on my road to a research career in Computer Science.

{Why Duke?}
I have selected Duke as the place for me to continue with my education because I found that the Graduate Program in Computer Science suited my needs perfectly. I have found the Duke Computer Science Department faculty and the research being carried out in Computer Systems, especially in Distributed Operating Systems, to be very impressive. I feel that to be associated with this group for the many years of my Ph. D. would stand me in good stead for my research career. I have also been impressed by the computing facilities available at Duke for research and education. These are much superior to those available to a graduate student in India. Taking all these factors into account, I feel that Duke is the perfect place for my graduate studies and I am confident that I will make a positive contribution to the ongoing research work at Duke.

{Am I Prepared?}
My undergraduate preparation at the Computer Science and Engineering Department of the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, has given me a very substantial knowledge of the basic areas of Computer Science. Through my junior seminar work, I have acquired a good knowledge of distributed operating systems and the problems they entail. It also exposed me to the broad fields of computer networks, distributed systems and operating systems. I have also been exposed to practical computer networks and network programming in the course of my practical training at the State Bank of India, Head Office. My course projects have given me plenty of experience in programming using various programming languages, software packages and operating systems. I have selected {\em Introduction to Computer Networks} as an elective course in the seventh semester so as to broaden my knowledge in this area. Therefore, I feel confident that I have acquired both a broad base in Computer Science and a strong foundation in Computer Systems.

{Summing Up}
I am aware of the hard work and perseverance necessary for research work and I know that it is not always as exciting as the published results seem to indicate. Nevertheless, I am sure that my aptitude and drive will see me through the challenge. I hope to have a long and mutually profitable association with Duke.






STATEMENT OF PURPOSE-7


I, Rahul Thombre, am a senior student of the Bachelor of Technology program in Computer Science and Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. I am applying for graduate studies in Computer Science leading to a Ph.D. I see this as a first step towards achieving my career objective of research in an academic environment.

{Academic Background}
I have excelled in academics right from my school days. In school, I consistently used to secure one of the top positions in the class. In my twelfth standard examinations, I was placed in the merit position at an All India level. I have always been attracted towards subjects that draw upon one’s ******** abilities. Thus, Mathematics and Physics were my favorite subjects. I was placed among the top 1\% of the candidates who appeared for the National Search Examination in Physics all over India. Later, I secured the 97th position among the 80,000 candidates who appeared throughout India for the Joint Entrance Examination. This examination is conducted by the IIT's, the premier engineering institutions of India, for selecting the best of Indian talent.

{Computer Science Background}
The undergraduate program at IIT aims to strike a balance between the theoretical as well as the practical aspects of Computer Science. This has given me a sound understanding of the fundamentals at both the theoretical as well as practical levels.

I have performed reasonably well in my undergraduate courses at IIT, but since IIT admits only the best students throughout the country, I believe, in view of the competitive atmosphere, that the grades secured should not be considered in an absolute sense.

During the course of the B.Tech. program I have developed a keen interest in the fields of Computer Graphics, Algorithms and Operating Systems. At present I am working under the guidance of Dr.\ Sharat Chandran on my home paper titled {\em Physically Based Modeling}. As a junior, I had presented a seminar on {\em Associative--Commutative Matching and Unification}. I have included a brief summary of both these separately.

{Purpose of Doctoral Study and Career Goals}
During the course of my education at IIT, I have realized and felt convinced that my true liking and aptitude lies in research and teaching. Research and teaching go hand in hand. Teaching gives one a sense of constructive participation in the education Process. Research enables a person to stay in touch with the latest advances, while making one's own contributions to the field. I have also had a good deal of teaching experience as an undergraduate teaching assistant during my junior year for the freshman course {\em Computer Programming and Utilization}. I have included a brief description of this and relevant certificates to substantiate my claim.

I believe that graduate education is not merely a continuation of college studies. I think that graduate education is process, in which the student learns how to do independent research.

My decision to apply to UNIV is based on a careful examination of the department bulletin and the research interests of the faculty members. I have contacted PROF, who has encouraged me to apply. I would really love working under his guidance for my PhD’s believe that graduate education at your University will enhance my knowledge, give me wide exposure and develop my abilities to do independent research. I consider myself an enthusiastic and hardworking person, and I am sure that my stay your university will be a very fruitful one.







STATEMENT OF PURPOSE-8


My goals
I am applying to the PhD program in Computer Science at Brown University. After considering my aptitude and the type of work that I enjoy most, I am convinced that I want to take up a career in research in Computer Science. A PhD is just one step towards realizing this goal.

My preparation for the same
My formal introduction to Computer Science began at IIT-Bombay. Under its excellent faculty, I got exposed to the entire spectrum of Computer Science. In an environment that is intensely competitive, and where research goes hand-in-hand with learning, I also got a lot of drill in both theoretical research work and implementation, thus laying a sound foundation for graduate study.

My academic and co-curricular record has been consistently good. Throughout school as well as now, I have been at or near the top of my class. I have listed some of my achievements, on the attached resume. What I would like to stress most however is the fact that I have been consistent in all academic or co-curricular (and even Extracurricular) tasks that I have undertaken.

My primary interests
I have always loved problems which involve plenty of visualization. At IIT, this resulted in an inclination towards {\bf Computer Graphics} and {Computational Geometry}, and also Algorithms. (These are the subjects that I want to pursue in my graduate study}.

I chose the elective Computer Graphics} and a graduate level course {Algorithms and Complexity} this semester, in line with these interests. My B.Tech. Project (home paper), under {Dr.Sharat Chandran}, is on {Visible Surface Determination} (hidden surface removal), a very popular topic in Computational Geometry.

Why Brown University?
It would be a cliché to say that all fields in Computer Science are highly interlinked. I have experienced this myself, since frequently, while working on a problem in one field, I have (through abstraction/ reduction/ ********) landed up looking at another problem, that one would normally put under a different field altogether.

Hence, two criteria that I considered while selecting a university for my Ph.D. were the university must be very strong in {Computational Geometry} and/or {Computer Graphics} (my primary interests), and it must be fairly good, if not exceptional, in other fields of Computer Science too (especially, algorithms and combinatory).

Brown University more than satisfies these criteria. My B.Tech. Project guide, Dr.Sharat Chandran also strongly recommended it. An added attraction is its participation in the Science and Technology Center for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization.

There is one more (and the most compelling) reason. In my B.Tech. Project, my guide and I are concentrating on developing better methods for the moving/ multiple viewpoint case of hidden surface removal. The preliminary ideas that have emerged out of this effort use a result on {Dynamic planar point location} by {Prof.Roberto Tamassia}. The{line sweep} technique is the other major component in these ideas, and it was from{ Prof.Preparata}'s book on Computational Geometry, that I first learnt it.{The fact that both are from Brown University convinced me that Brown University is the natural choice in realizing my graduate goals.} Subsequently I corresponded with Prof.Tamassia, and his encouraging reply reinforced my decision to apply to Brown.

It would be a pleasure to continue my current research focus at Brown under their supervision. At the same time, I am sure that many other problems which the Brown CS department is currently focusing on, would be equally interesting to work on.


What I plan to do at Brown
I plan to carry on advanced study of Computer Graphics and Computational Geometry, as well as related fields (e.g. algorithms); not only through coursework but also by {participating in one of the several ongoing projects}.This will also give me the opportunity to contribute my bit to the understanding of the fields which interest me so much.

I am keen that the output of my PhD (and in fact, any PhD), be well worth the time and effort spent on it. For the reasons mentioned above, I am sure that Brown University Will provide me the right environment for this.

Financial Aid
I would be fully dependent on aid to finance my graduate studies. If I am granted an assistantship, then given my long term goals, a research assistantship would be an ideal experience for me. I also have some experience as a teaching assistant. Not only have I enjoyed it, but the students have also appreciated it. This makes me confident that I will be a good teacher also.

In conclusion...
I am aware that Brown University expects very high standards from its students. On my part, I can assure you of hard work. I believe that my enthusiasm will enable me to meet those expectations. My consistency in all previous academic and co-curricular activities is what gives me confidence when I say this.

Eagerly looking forward to a long and mutually profitable association with the Computer Science department of Brown University.









STATEMENT OF PURPOSE-9

My early fascination for computers (since high school), combined with a strong liking for ******** subjects inspired me to seek admission to one of the best and most competitive Computer Science undergraduate programs in India --- the B.Tech program in IIT Bombay. I was successful in this endeavor, being ranked 113th among around 100,000 students in the entrance exams to the IIT’s. In IIT, a very strong curriculum, introduced me to a wide range of subjects in Computer Science, with a strong emphasis on theoretical fundamentals. I have always believed that a subject is understood better when one actually sees an abstract theory being realized by a practical system. The various demanding laboratory courses and projects in the B.Tech program at IIT have provided me with a better understanding of Computer Science. This belief has led to my growing interest in computer systems, and I have consistently performed well in my laboratory courses. I have also, as part of a campus wide systems support group, been involved in compiling and installing various software and systems.


Given these practical interests, my theoretical background, my aptitude and academic potential for graduate study (indicated by my GRE General score of (V 700, Q 790, A 780) and Computer Science Subject score in the 98th percentile), I feel that pursuing a PhD degree in Computer Science is a step in the right direction towards my long term career goals.


Thirty years from now, I want to be able to look back at the accomplishments of my life and feel a sense of satisfaction. Satisfaction, because my work made a significant impact in my field. And if I can achieve this goal I will consider my career a success. Over the past four years, I have become absolutely convinced that the path towards this goal will involve leveraging my current skills and abilities to make significant contributions to improve the understanding of systems and concepts in the field of Computer Science. Six or seven years from now, I see myself as part of a leading research group, contributing my bit to the field of Computer Science. A PhD in Computer Science, is therefore a natural first step towards this goal.


I plan to work towards a PhD in the field of {\bf Distributed Systems and Networking}. I have become interested in this area during the course of my undergraduate studies at IIT Bombay, through a series of research and project experiences.


In my junior year, I presented a home paper on ``Wormhole Routing in Interconnection Networks.'' Currently, I am in the midst of my year long B.Tech thesis, titled ``Distribution Strategies for the Satisfiability Problem,'' guided by Prof. G. Siva Kumar (PhD, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign). For this thesis, I am writing a distributed solution for the satisfiability problem, on a network of workstations. My work will involve studying various distributed computing techniques and writing a distributed version of existing sequential solutions to satisfiability. Moreover, this semester I have undertaken as an Operating Systems course project, a study of implementation issues in ``Group Communication in the {\em Amoeba} Distributed Operating System'' and will be crediting a Postgraduate elective --- ``Foundations of Parallel Computation'' in my final (next) semester.


In my opinion, the effective communication of ideas is an important part of any research career. During my undergraduate years in IIT, I have been fortunate to have had some experience in teaching basic Computer Science. In my junior year, I was a teaching assistant for an institute level introductory course in programming, ``CS 101: Computer Programming and Utilization,'' for freshmen. The work involved conducting tutorials, grading assignments, and providing assistance during practical sessions.


In my junior and senior years, I have been the Technical Coordinator, and subsequently General Secretary of the Computer Science and Engineering Association, IIT Bombay. In this capacity, I have been actively involved in planning, organizing and lecturing at, various workshops on UNIX aimed at both technical and lay audiences. These experiences have been extremely rewarding, and I am sure they will help me in any teaching duties as a graduate student, and later on in my career.


I am confident that my strong motivation, my undergraduate experiences and my ******** aptitude will help me to measure up to the rigors of graduate study. I am looking forward to make my contributions to the research going on at Dartmouth.












STATEMENT OF PURPOSE-10


In this era of information technology I feel a sense of pride in being so closely associated with the field of computer science. The desire to forge ahead in this field by doing cutting--edge research has motivated me to pursue graduate studies.

Academic Background
I hail from a small industrial town where education is given a very high priority. My father is an educator himself. This background inculcated in me a deep inclination for academics from the very beginning. The subjects that attracted me most were Mathematics and Physics. In order to pursue a career in science and engineering, I appeared for the Joint Entrance Examination for admission to IIT’s. Securing an {\em All India Rank of $162$} amongst $100,000$ candidates ($99.8$ percentile), I joined I.I.T. Bombay, one of the best institutes for engineering education in India. The growing involvement of computers in various fields of science and technology encouraged me to choose computer science as my branch of study in undergraduate studies.

Undergraduate Studies
After coming to I. I. T., I was introduced to the true expanse of computer science. The core courses gave me an in--depth knowledge in each field. The lab courses and projects gave me the programming skills (for details of the projects please refer resume ). Most of these projects were done in groups of two to four students. This gave me the opportunity to learn to work in a group -- both as a leader or otherwise.

Areas of Interest
My main objective during my undergraduate studies was to get an overview of various fields in computer science and identify a field of interest in which I could pursue my research career. Because of their vast applications, computer systems, in general, have attracted me. In particular, I am interested in databases, distributed systems and parallel processing. My junior thesis was on {\em database mining}, which I completed under the guidance of Dr. S. Seshadri am currently doing work in {\em parallelizing compilers} as part of my Senior thesis under Dr. S. Biswas. I have also registered for a course on "models of parallel computation”, intended to deal with fundamentals of parallel algorithms and parallel architectures, in the forthcoming semester.

Career Objectives
Within a decade or so, I visualize myself as a full fledged research professional in an organization or a faculty member at one of the leading Universities. I see PhD as a first step in achieving this career objective. I am willing to do MS as an intermediate step.

Strengths
There are a few things whose value I realized during my undergraduate studies and now I strongly believe in them. These are {\em hard work} -- Necessity to produce results, {\em discipline} -- Necessity to finish task before deadlines and {\em persistence} -- Necessity to sail through unproductive periods. My attempt throughout has been to inculcate these qualities in myself in which, I believe, I have been fairly successful.

Weaknesses
A major weakness of mine has been my speed. I always try to attack a problem in depth which invariably requires some amount of time. As a result, I have not been able to perform very well in ``three hour'' exams. This weakness has been reflected in my grades. However, given sufficient time I have always been able to show good results, reflected by the good grades (AA or AB) in lab courses involving projects.

Reasons for selecting Ohio State University
My advisors recommended me of your university on the basis of faculty interests and the research work currently in progress. After going through the brochure, I realized that there also exists a vast gamut of opportunities, especially excellent computing facilities, in your department. In addition, from the communication I had with Dr. Mukesh Singhal, I have to come to conclusion that the graduate program at your department would suit my interests extremely well.

Conclusion
I am fully aware that a research career requires a constant, well—directed and whole--hearted effort. I am confident that I would meet all the above demands. Hence I appeal to the Graduate Admissions Committee to consider me for admission, and financial aid.

ORKUT QUANT DATABASE (Till 28th feb)

ORKUT QUANT DATABASE (Till 28th feb)

PS: If you find any mistakes please report here.


Quants:

1. If a number is divided by 13 the remainder is 1 and if the same number is divided by 15 it gives a remainder of 8. What is the number?
A.14
B. 29
C. 40
D. 44
E. 53
Sol: E

2. Col a: root 7 - root 6
Col b: 1

3. Given 2 Col A: xyz
Col B: 2

4. Given a triangle ABC(which looks like a right angle triangle) such that the hypotenuse AC = 10, Base BC = 13 and Oppositeside AB = 8
Col A: Angle B
Col B: 90

5. A shopkeeper had T bananas. He sold 60 bananas on the first day at $0.40. If he wanted to sell the remaining bananas on the second day and earn the same total as the previous day at what price should he sell them each?

6. If B purchases x shares for c dollars. Then how many shares B can purchase for d dollars for the same price of 1 share?

7. Out of 10 shirts, 2 are defective. 3 are selected. what is the probabiltiy that none is defective?

8.N^3-N is divisible by which of the following number?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
E. 8


ORKUT QUANT DATABASE (Till 27th feb)

1. Given a = wx^2y and b = wxy^2. If w=x=y, then
A. a is greater
B. b is greater
C. Both are equal
D. None

2. Given a series of five numbers i.e n+10, n+20, n+30, n+40 and n+50 and Arithematic mean of the series is given as 100.
Col A: Standard deviation
Col B: n
(Question type is similar to this)

3. Find the nearest possible value of Sqrt(171)?

4.If w>0 , z>0 then
Col a: w^4 + z^3
Col b: w^2 + z

5. Two concentric circle were given . A tangent to the smaller circle cuts the larger one into 2 points 'P' and 'T' , if radius of smaller circle is 2 and larger circle is 5, then what is the length of 'PT' segment ?

6. If the volume of a cube is 1 cubic centimeter, then the distance from any vertex to the centre point inside the cube is
A) 1/2
B) 1/sqrt2
C) sqrt2
D) sqrt3/2
E) sqrt3

7. Find the unit digit of the (3127)^173.



ORKUT QUANT DATABASE (Till 25th feb)


1.Given a circle with radius 4 and a chord of length 4 was drawn. Find the length of the smaller arc of the circle made by the end points of the chord.

2. If 1, 5, 6, 8, 9 are five given numbers. 't' is a three digit number formed using three of the above mentioned numbers only once and 'r' is a two digit number formed using two of the above numbers once, what is the smallest possible value of 't-r'?

3. If p and q are prime numbers and pq=15 which of following numbers are divisible by either p or q? Some options were given.....

4. Given A1=2 , An+1=(An-1)^2. Find a17?

5. If x<0
Col A: x-100
Col B: 100 +x

6. Given Set S = {1,2,3,4,6,8} and T = {1,2,3,6,8}.
If S * T = P , i.e if multiply every number of 'S' with 'T' then how many number of total different values we can get in set 'P'?

7. Col A: [root7 - root 6 ]
Col B: 1



ORKUT QUANT DATABASE (Till 22th feb)


1. Given a circle, P and Q are the two points made by 2 tangents on the circle and they meet out side the circle at R, angle PQR is 60 and the area of the minor arc OPQ is 27pi. Find circumference of the circle.
Sol: 18pi

2. W kg feed is sufficient for all dogs for 1 week. If single dog is fed X kg feed twice daily, then
Col A: Total number of dogs
Col B: W/7X
Sol: B

3. Col A: (10^-2)x
Col B: (10^2)x^-1
Sol: D

4. 4(14^10)(7)^2 =
Sol: 14^12

5. The simplified expression of (a+b)^2-(a-b)^2 is
Sol: 4ab

6. Given a Hexagon in 'xy' plane and asked to find the area of the Hexagon?

7. Given an equation x+3y+1=0
Col A: Slope of the line
Col B:-1/2
Sol: A

8. 30% of the members of G are in H,
20% of the members of H are in G.
Col A: Members in G
Col B: Members in H
Sol: D

9. Given five numbers like this....... n, n+20,n+30,n+40,n+50 and Arithematic mean is also given(some value)
(Question is something like this)
Col A: Standard deviation
Col B: n

10. Given two sides of a triangle as 6 and 5 which are opposite to x and y angles and the length of the third side is given as 8.
Col a: x+y
Col b: 90

11. A triangle was given which looked like a right angled triangle, but it did not have the 90 degree sign rather.. all the angles were labled x , y and z and question was which of the following must be true...
A. (a)2 + (b)2 = (c)2
B. Sum of two side is greater than the other side & some other options were given......

Sol: B

12. Given -6<= x<= 4; -10<= y<= 4
What is the greatest value of: -x^2+ y^4
Sol: 10,000

13. K, L, M are 3 prime numbers greater than 10.
Col A: number of factors of KLM and 1 inclusive
col b: 8

ORKUT QUANT DATABASE (Till 21th feb)


1. Given k and n are two points which are on the same side of 0 in the number line.
Col a: k+n
Col b: 0

2. Col a: square root of 35
Col b: 6

3. Given a triangle with sides AB, BC & CD. Find the perimeter of the triangle?
(Question is something like this..)

4. If a number is divided by 13 the remainder is 1 and when the same number is divided by 15 the remainder is 8. What is the number?

5. Given |x| = |y| & xy<0
Col a : x+y
Col b : 0

6. A man invites 7 people to party of which 3 of them are close friends and 4 are miscellaneous, he presents 2 gift after the party , find the probability of getting 2 gifts to his close friends?

7. If surface area of a cube is 144. Then Volume of the cube is?

8. If the mean of 3 numbers 2x, 7x, x^2 is 12 then what is the range of the given data?


ORKUT QUANT DATABASE (Till 19th feb)


1. If slope=1/2 & y=-1/3, then
Col A : x-intercept is
Col B: -2/3.

2. A circle is inscribed in a square of side 's'.
Col A: perimeter of circle
Col B: perimeter of square

3.Col A:(1/8)/2
Col B:4

4. If X+Y=0, then
Col A:X-Y
Col B:Y-X

5. If X<2Y & 2Y>X+3 then X=?

6. In a co-ordinate system, if sides of a triangle are (0,0),(8,0) & (8,6) then find the perimeter of triangle?

7. Given a triangle ABC as a right angled triangle, if one of the angle is 45 degrees and AC is hypotenuse then
Col A: AB
Col B: BC

8. In a bag there are 10 balls, in which 5 are red, 3 are green and 2 are blue. If randomly two balls are taken then what is the probabilty that the two balls taken are blue?

9. Given a square which is inscribed in another square & length of the side of larger square is 4 and smaller square is 2. If four edges of the smaller square is joined with four edges of larger square by a line ( to say exactly.... a line from the midpoint of larger square side(edge) is joined to the midpoint of smaller square side... similarly the other sides the two squares are also joined) by this..... 8 trapeziums are formed (2 trapezium per side). Find the perimeter of any one trapezium?
A. 4+(1.414)
B. 4+2(1.414)
C. 6+(1.414)
D. 6+2(1.414)
E. 6+4(1.414)

10. If a company X has 50 employees out of which 36 members are getting above $36,500 salary then
Col A: median of salaries of 50 employees
Col B: $36,500.

11. Find the nearest possible value of Sqrt(131)?


ORKUT QUANT DATABASE (Till 15th feb)


1. Given.... p, q, r are prime numbers.
Col A: Factors of pqr (including) pqr and 1
Col B: 8

2. Given a series a1 , a2 . . . . . If an+1 = (an - 1)^2 - 1 and a1 = 2 then find a17?

3. A square edges are increased by 0.1 inch and if the increase in the area is 0.75 then what is the original edge of the square?
A.3.8
B 3.7
C 3.6
D 3.5
E. 3.4

4. There was a diagram of quadrilateral (like trapezium), two base angles were given as 45 degree & upper 3 sides were given of length x. Find the perimeter of that quadrilateral?
A.(4+root(2))x
B.(4+2*root(2))x

5. A Triangle was given with sides 5 ,6 and 8. Angle opposite to side 5 is 'x' and angle opposite to side 6 is 'y'.
Col A: x+y
Col B: 90


ORKUT QUANT DATABASE (Till 14th feb)


1. Given a circle with radius 4 and a chord of length 4 was drawn. Find the angle made by the chord with the centre of the circle?
A. 2pi/3
B. 4pi/3....
& some more options like this..

2. There are 3 couples and 6 seats are available. In how many ways can the couples be seated so that the husband and wife occupy the adjacent seats.
A. 18
B. 24
& some more options...

3. A triangle with lengths 2x+5, 6-x and 5x+5 is given. Find the perimeter of the triangle?

4. Given a circle inscribed in a square, and measurements are not given.
Col a: The perimeter of the square
Col b: Circumference of a circle

5. Find the nearest possible value of Sqrt(171) ?
A. 13
B. 14
& some more options were given.


ORKUT QUANT DATABASE (Till 13th feb)


1. There are 25 positive integers and each integer is a multiple of m. Highest of these integers is 250.
Col A: m
Col B: 5

2. Given a triangle with its sides labelled as X, Y, Z. Question is each of the following is true EXCEPT
a.Angles make 180
b.X^2+Y^2=Z^2
c.X>Y+Z
d. something....

3. Scott bought x number of things at 50$, y number of things at 100 $ where y is greater then x.
Col A: Mean of X and y
Col B: 50

4. If a>0, then
Col A: |a-8|
Col B: |a|-|8|

5. If a sum of 2000$ was given at rate of 'r' for 1 year on simple interest and at the end of 1 year.. if 150$ was the interest then find value of r?
a. 0.75
b. 0.50
c. 0.075
d. 0.10

6. A semicircle was given with area =2pie. Find the perimeter of the semicircle?
Ans: 2pie+4

7. |x|<= 6, |y|<=4.
Col a: The maximum value of |y/x|
Col b: 1

8. x^2 + y^2 =7
Col a:x+y
Col b:x-y

9. If Perimeter of circle is equal to perimeter of square then find ratio of their areas?

10. Given (m-n) = 4 & m, n are positive integers.
Col A: (-1)^m
Col B: (-1)^n


ORKUT QUANT DATABASE (Till 12th feb)

1. Given a series a1 , a2 . . . . . If an+1 = (an - 1)^2 - 1 and a1 = 2 then find a17?

2. A square edges are increased by 0.1 inch and if the increase in the area is 0.75 then what is the original edge of the square?
A.3.8
B 3.7
C 3.6
D 3.5
E. 3.4

3. Given.... p, q, r are prime numbers.
Col A: Factors of pqr (including) pqr and 1
Col B: 8

4. There was a diagram of quadrilateral (like trapezium), two base angles were given as 40degree & upper 3 sides were given of length x. Find the perimeter of that quadrilateral?
A.(4+root(2))x
B.(4+2*root(2))x

5. A Triangle was given with sides 5 ,6 and 8. Angle opposite to side 5 is 'x' and angle opposite to side 6 is 'y'.
Col A: x+y
Col B: 90

6. Given two points A (x1,y1) & B (x2,y2) such that x1y2
COl A: Slope of line AB
Col B: 0

7. There is a triangle which has all acute angles. If two sides of a triangle are given as 3, 4 then find the range of the third side x?



ORKUT QUANT DATABASE (Till 8th feb)


1. Given two sets of numbers 3,3,3,7,3,3,3 and 5,3,2,6,1,3,5. Which of the following is equal for the two sets?
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Mode
D. None

2. x < y < z
Col a: xy
Col b: yz

3.There are two printers 'p' and 'q', printer 'p' prints 3600 pages in 'x' seconds and printer 'q' prints 3600 pages in 'y' seconds. How pages does it can print in 1sec if they work together?
Ans: 3600/x + 3600/y

4. Given an series of numbers....
Col A: The standand deviation of the series
Col B: The range of the series

5. Given 5 symblos... &, &, *, *, $. Find the number of different ways these five symbols can be arranged?

6. x^2 = 36; x(x+6)(x+8) = 0;
Col A: x
Col B: 0
Ans: B

7.Given |x| = |y| & xy < 0
Col a : x+y
Col b : 0

8. A circle has two tangets at points A and B. They meet at point C outside circle...angle ACB is 50
col A : angle AOB
col B : 110
Ans: A

ORKUT QUANT DATABASE (Till 7th feb)


1. Given a circle with centre 'O' & radius 4. Two tangents are drawn from a point 'S'.... on to the circle at points 'P' and 'R' and joined to 'O'. Find the area of the arc 'POR' if the angle between the two tangents is given as 60degrees.

2. Given a triangle with 8,6,5 as sides. If two angles opposite to 6 and 5 are given as x, y then
Col a : x+y
Col b: 90

3. Given a Rectangular cylinder with volume 1200. If the height of rectangular cylinder is 12 times more than its radius then find the radius of the cylinder?

4. If x=85, then
Col A : cube root of x
Col B : 5.3

5. If #n = (n-1)(n-2)(n-3), then the value of #1+#2+#3+#4 is?

6. A triangle PQR was given in which lengths of two sides were given as QR = 12 , PR = 13 and the perimeter of the triangle was 32.
Col A: Measure of angle of Q
Col B: 90

7. Given xy =! 0, x =! y and x+y=0 ( '=!' means not equal to)
Col a: x-y
Col b: 0

8. F(x) = X^2
Col A: f(x)+1
Col B: f(x+1)

9. Given a fraction '2/7'. What is the 57th decimal of the fraction?


ORKUT QUANT DATABASE (Till 6th feb)

QUANT: 1. Col a: Area of circle with radius '8'
Col b: 3/2 (area of square whose digonal length is 8)

2. 33 1/2 % of 40% of 600 is what % of 160?

3. Train A is traveling on a straight track at a constant speed of 50 km/hr & Train B is traveling on a straight track at a constant speed of 100km/hr.
Col a: distance traveled by train A
Col b: distance traveled by train B

4. Given a semicircle.If the end the angles formed by lines from end points of diameter to the circumference was given 90 and the angle between one of the chords and diameter was 'x'.
Col a :x
Col b :45

5. A square was given and another square was formed by joining mid points of the square. If perimeter of larger square was given k.
Col a: perimeter of smaller square
Col b: k/2



ORKUT QUANT DATABASE (Till 5th feb)

1. In a triangle the three angles are given as X,X,Y. and the avg of two angles is 65, then what is the possible value of Y in the below options?
A. 60
B. 65
C. 70
D. 75
E. 80
Ans: E

2. Given a two figrures, first figure contains a square with a circle of radius of the circle is 'r' inscribed in it and the area outside the circle(within the square) is shaded . Second figure contains a circle radius of 'r' with a square inscribed in it and the area outside the square(within the circle) is shaded.
Col A: Area of Shaded region in the first figure
Col B: Area of Shaded region in the Second figure

3. If 2n+1 is the median of seven consecutive integers . What is the mean of the integers?
Ans: 2n+1

4. N divided by 7, leaves remainder of 4. N^2 +5 divided by 7, remainder is?
Sol:0

5. A triangle PQR was given in which lengths of two sides were given as QR = 12 , PR = 13 and the perimeter of the triangle was 32.
Col A: Measure of angle of Q
Col B: 90
Sol: A

6. Given xy$gt;0 & yz<0. Which of the following options are not possible?
A. x>0 & y>0
B. yA<0 & z<0
C. y>0 & z>0

7. A person sells 1000 articles at no profit and no loss. If he sells each item after 1000 articles at 0.5$, then he gets a profit of 'P'$. How many such articles did he sold?
A. 2P+1000
B. P/2 +1000.

options are like this.....

8. A triangle PQR was given in which lengths of two sides were given as QR = 12 , PR = 13 and the perimeter of the triangle was 32. Col A: Measure of angle of Q
Col B: 90
Sol: A

9. Given 6 symbols...... * , * , ? , ? , ? , $. How number of codes that can be formed from left to right using these 6 symbols... such that repeation is not allowed?

10.There was a ladder given. The ladder is of length 5 and it is displaced i.e slanted downwards such that it falls 'x'mts in height and its horizontal length increases by 'y'mts.
Col A: x
Col B: y

11. M^2 = 4^x+4^x+4^x+4^x. What is the value of M?

FEB -VERBAL DATABASE

ORKUT VERBAL DATABASE (Till Feb 28th)

PS: If you find any mistakes please report here.


Today's Words:

1. Agape

2. Debiliate

3. Pulchritude

4. Obfuscate

5. Pallor

6. Lampoon

7. Macabre

8. Imprudent

9. Mawkish

10. Vivify

11. Abridge

12. Tenacity

13. Malevolent


ANALOGIES:

1. Mawkish: sentimental

2. Apron: prevent


ISSUE TOPIC:

1. " Why younger generations feel the problems given to them are more complex than their forefathers"

ORKUT VERBAL DATABASE (Till Feb 27th)

TODAY’S WORDS:

1.Mundane

2. Ad-lib

3.Maverick

4.Comeuppance

5.Rigidity

6.Harebrained

7.Unsubstantial

8.Clairvoyant

9.Profligate


ANALOGIES:

1.Grammar: language

2.Apron: cloth


ISSUE TOPIC:

1.The Issue Topic is “how to face more complex problems and confront problems and how to challenge the problems”.


ARGUMENT TOPIC:

1. All students should be required to take the driver's education course at Centerville High School. In the past two years several accidents in and around Centerville have involved teenage drivers. Since a number of parents in Centerville have complained that they are too busy to teach their teenagers to drive, some other instruction is necessary to ensure that these teenagers are safe drivers. Although there are two driving schools in Centerville, parents on a tight budget cannot afford to pay for driving instruction. Therefore an effective and mandatory program sponsored by the high school is the only solution to this serious problem.



ORKUT VERBAL DATABASE (Till Feb 26th)


TODAY’S WORDS:

1.Wan

2.Recusant

3.Repudiate

4.Lull

5.Artless

6.Vitriol

7.Pulchritude

8.Arboreal

9.Impervious

10.Vulnerable

11.Thaw


ANALOGIES:

1.Audit : Account

2.Arboreal: trees

3.Impervious: vulnerable


ISSUE TOPICS:

1. People choose their careers based on the economy, salary, easy way of getting a job and settling… rather than opting for the one they are interested and naturally talented.


ORKUT VERBAL DATABASE (Till Feb 25th)


TODAY’ S WORDS:

1.Malevolent

2.Gauche

3.Repentant

4.Loathsome

5.Contrite

6. Suture

7. Ensue

8. Remiss

9. Chortle

10. Ineluctable

11. Reminiscence

12. Precursor


ANALOGIES:

1.Repentant: Contrite

2.President: Corporation

3.Unpleasant: Loathsome


ISSUE TOPIC:

1. Childern should be socialized to determine the destiny of a country.But,we ourselves do not know how to socialize them.

2. With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and communication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society—including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences—will benefit greatly from international influences.


ARGUMENT TOPIC:

1. A recent study indicates that Venadial, a new margarine currently produced only in the country of Alta, actually reduces cholesterol levels. Derived from the resin of pine trees, Venadial works by activating a metabolic response that is not yet well understood. However, cholesterol levels fell ten to fifteen percent among participants in the study who consumed Venadial daily, and the risk of heart attack by one-third. In addition, the new margarine is so popular that stores in Alta are unable to keep it on their shelves. Therefore, if our company obtains the exclusive right to sell Venadial internationally, our profits are sure to increase substantially within a very short time.


ORKUT VERBAL DATABASE (Till Feb 22th)


Today’s Words:

1.Deft

2. Appease

3.Laconic

4.Frugal

5.Uncanny

6.Deftness

7.Grueling

8.Reinforcement

9.Conspicuous


ANALOGIES:

1.Reinforcement : Collapse

2.Berth : Sleep

3.Spectacles : Look

4.Audit : Account

5.Thunderous : Noise

6.Conspicuous : Color

7.Brilliant : Light


ORKUT VERBAL DATABASE (Till Feb 21th)


Words:

1.Earthshaking

2.Collaboration

3.Askew

4.Deft

5.Encroach

6.Derogate

7.Raving

8.Quibble


Analogies:

1.Sycophant: flattery

2.Nimble: movement


Issue Topic:

1.It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears.


Argument Topic:

1.In a recent study, subjects who ate soybeans at least five times per week had significantly lower cholesterol levels than subjects who ate no soy products. By fortifying our Wheat-O cereal with soy protein, we can increase sales by appealing to additional consumers who are concerned about their health. This new version of Wheat-O should increase company profits and, at the same time, improve the health of our customers.


ORKUT VERBAL DATABASE (Till Feb 19th)


TODAY'S WORDS:

1. Sporific

2. Caustic

3. Inclined

4. Dauntless

5. Fervor

6. Veto

7. Bestow

8. Laconic

9. Din

10. Rancour

11. Wary

12. Reminiscence

13. Sate

14. Daft

15. Parsimony


ANALOGIES:

1. Candy:sugar

2. Convivial:gruffness

3. Malingerer:incapacity


ISSUE TOPIC:

1. Many people know how to attain success, but few know how to make the best use of it

2. The study of an academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes.

ORKUT VERBAL DATABASE (Till Feb 18th)


TODAY'S WORDS:

1. Floppy

2. Insolence

3. Inclement

4. Nepotism

5. Exonerate

6. Aberrant

7. Clairvoyant


ANALOGIES:

1. Literature: Grammar

2. Aberrant: Standard


ISSUE TOPIC:

1. To truly understand your own culture—no matter how you define it—requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is distinctly different from your own.

ARGUMENT TOPIC:

1. "Last year, sales of our Fierce Fighter toy airplane declined sharply, even though the toy had been a top seller for three years. Our customer surveys show that parents are now more worried about youthful violence and are concerned about better education for their children. Therefore, to maintain profits we should discontinue all our action toys and focus exclusively on a new line of educational toys. Several other toy companies have already begun marketing educational toys and report sales increases last year of 200 percent. And since the average family income is growing, sales of new Hyper-Go toys should also increase."

ORKUT VERBAL DATABASE (Till Feb 15th)


Today's Words:

1. Wag

2. Droll

3. Sabotage

4. Saboteur

5. Venerable

6. Subtle

7. Infirm

8. Vigorous

9. Providential

10. Fortuitous

11. Surfeit

12. Incrimination

13. Loathsome

14. Harebrained

15. Floppy

16. Insolence

17. Inclement

18. Nepotism

19.Immortalize


ORKUT VERBAL DATABASE (Till Feb 14th)


Today's Words:

1. Awry

2. Incrimination

3. Featureless

4. Adamant

5. Aridness

6. Loathsome

7. Impertinent

8. Satiate

9. Debauched

10. Gallant

11. Mason

12. Sap

13. Crux

14. Harebrained

15. Despise

16. Surfeit

17. Intransigent

18. Fortuitous

19. Providential


ANALOGIES:

1. Wag:Droll

2. Saboteur: Disrupt

3. Venerable: Respect

4. Subtle: Awe

5. Vigorous: Infirm


Issue Topic:

1. "Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals."

2. "In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished."

3. Science is to reassure and art is to upset, there the value lies in both.


Argument Topic:

1. "Salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin, a medicine used to treat headaches. Although many foods are naturally rich in salicylates, for the past several decades food-processing companies have also been adding salicylates to foods as preservatives. This rise in the commercial use of salicylates has been found to correlate with a steady decline in the average number of headaches reported by participants in our twenty-year study. Recently, food-processing companies have found that salicylates can also be used as flavor additives for foods. With this new use for salicylates, we can expect a continued steady decline in the number of headaches suffered by the average citizen of Mentia."

ORKUT VERBAL DATABASE (Till Feb 13th)


Today's Words:

1. Floppy

2. Incapable

3. Scrutinize

4. Insolence

5. Inclement

6. Amenable

7. Plenitude

8. Blatant

9. Nepotism

10. Hodgepodge

11. Skittish

12. Circumlocution

13. Bewail

14. Bemoan

15. Blasphemous

16. Minotaur

17. Stern

18. Butcher

19. Gerontophobia

20. Mollify

21. Presbyterian

22. Zealot


ANALOGIES:

1. Venerable: respect

2. Instigate:provoke

3. Presbyterians:church

4. Cinnamon:spices

5. Gerontophobia:old

ISSUE TOPIC:

1. The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.

2. Progress is best made through discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.


ORKUT VERBAL DATABASE (Till Feb 12th)

TODAY’S WORDS:

1.Abaft - means posterior part of ship

2.Cinnamon - an aromatic spice prepared from bark of cinnamon

3.Abattoir - a slaughter house

4.Mollify

5.Impertinent

6.Zealot

7.Stygian

8.Germ phobia

9.Sap

10.Crux

11.Gallant

12.Debauched

13.Frankness

14.Satiated


ANALOGIES:

1.Abaft: Ship

2.Abattoir: Butcher

3.Cinnamon: Spices

4.Wood: Carpenter

5.Brick: mason


ARGUMENT TOPIC:

1.Progress can be best made only by the discussion between people having contrasting view.



ORKUT VERBAL DATABASE (Till Feb 11th)


TODAY’S WORDS:

1.Quail

2.Awe

3.Intermittent

4.Laxatives

5.Lugubrious

6.Tepid

7.Unsubstantial

8.Equivocation

9.Futility

10.Dicey

11.Zest

12. Fustian

13.Thaw

14.Grueling

15.Venerate

16.Quisling

17.Repose


ISSUE TOPIC:

1.Government should put a few, if any, restriction on scientific research and development"

2.Over the past century, the most significant contribution of technology has been to make people's lives more comfortable

3.The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.


ARGUMENT TOPIC:

1.At present, Mason City residents seldom use the nearby Mason River for any kind of recreational activity, even though surveys of the region's residents consistently rank water sports (swimming, fishing, and boating) as a favorite form of recreation. Since there have been complaints about the quality of the water in the river, residents must be avoiding the river because they think that it is not clean enough. But that situation is about to change: the agency responsible for rivers in our region has announced plans to clean up Mason River. Therefore, recreational use of the river is likely to increase, so the Mason City council will need to increase its budget for improvements to the publicly owned lands along the Mason River.

2.Your recent article on corporate downsizing* in the United States is misleading. The article gives the mistaken impression that many competent workers who lost jobs as a result of downsizing face serious economic hardship, often for years, before finding other suitable employment. But this impression is contradicted by a recent report on the United States economy, which found that since 1992 far more jobs have been created than have been eliminated. The report also demonstrates that many of those who lost their jobs have found new employment. Two-thirds of the newly created jobs have been in industries that tend to pay above-average wages, and the vast majority of these jobs are full-time."


ORKUT VERBAL DATABASE (Till Feb 8th)


WORDS:

1.Abate

2.Invisible

3.Voluble

4.Reify

5.Intermittent

6.Saunter

7.Unctuous

8.Modicum


ANALOGIES:

1.Fraught: placidity

2.Phlegmatic :arouse


ISSUE TOPIC:

1.Why politics and morality are taken to be as separate, why cannot one understand them to be related to one other.


ARGUMENT TOPIC:

1.Argument is about…. Downsizing in corporate field in USA.


ORKUT VERBAL DATABASE (Till Feb 7th)


TODAY’S WORDS:

1.Cavil

2.Slipshod

3.Laxative

4.Sensitive

5.Tepid

6.Unsubstantial

7.Awe

8.Lugubrious

9.Doleful

ANALOGIES:

1.Lugubrious: doleful

2.Equivocation: ambiguous

3.Mendicant: beg


ISSUE TOPIC:

1.Governments should focus more on solving the immediate problems of today rather than trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future

2.The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people


ORKUT VERBAL DATABASE (Till Feb 6th)

TODAY’S WORDS:


1.Zest

2.Repose

3.Fustian

4.Sangfroid

5.Futility

6.Dicey

7.Vitiate

8.Thaw

9.Reify


ISSUE TOPIC:

1.Laws should not be rigid or fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.

2.The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten.


ARGUMENT TOPIC:

1.A recent study showed that in describing a typical day's conversation, people make an average of 23 references to watching television and only 1 reference to reading fiction. This result suggests that, compared with the television industry, the publishing and bookselling industries are likely to decline in profitability. Therefore, people who wish to have careers as writers should acquire training and experience in writing for television rather than for print media."



ORKUT VERBAL DATABASE (Till Feb 5th)

TODAY’S WORDS:

1.Riveting

2.Hone

3.Rapacious

4.Quislings

5.Voluptuous

6.Grueling

7.Altercation

8.Venerate

9.Whet


ANALOGIES:

1.Vivid: inspiration

2.Instigate: Provoke

3.Obstreperous: control

4.Mendicant: beg



ORKUT VERBAL DATABASE (Till Feb 4th)


TODAY'S WORDS:

1. Burgeon

2. Augury

3. Esoteric

4. Rapacious

5. Spurious

6. Reminiscence

7. Sacrilegious

8. Unflappable

9. Apron

10. Arboreal


ANALOGIES:

1. Apron: clothing

2. Arboreal: trees

3. Instigate: Urge or Provoke.

4. Interloper: Intruder.

Kaplan GRE Exam, 2007 Edition: Premier Program

*A rich online study plan that guides students through all of the integrated assets of the comprehensive program, including the book, online, and software
*Guidance throughout the program, directing students to additional resources within the program if they need it
*A diagnostic experience to help students concentrate on the areas in which they need the most help
*A progress report, so students can keep track of and analyze their performance as they make their way through the program
*Email communication at key points during the program, providing extra tips and guidance, as well as motivation to keep improving
*Monthly online additions to ensure that the student has the latest content and information about the exam
*Remedial content to ensure students are up-to-speed on the basic concepts before attacking higher-level content
*Downloadable strategy and reference guides for easy prep on the go
*Realistic practice experiences
*Online question banks
*5 full-length practice tests with detailed answer explanations


http://rapidshare.com/files/51035645/kaplan_gre.rar

BARRON’S IBT (12th ed., 2006-2007)

Book Description
The TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) is now being offered as an internet-based test, or iBT, and the new edition of Barron’s TOEFL manual and accompanying software have been completely revised and updated to reflect the new format. The manual presents seven full-length model TOEFL iBT tests with explanations or examples for all questions, including sample essays and speaking responses. The author also offers general orientation to the new TOEFL iBT, as well as a review of academic skills, which include note taking, paraphrasing, summarizing, and synthesizing. There is also a review of language skills—listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The optional CD-ROM presents seven on-screen TOEFL iBT exams that simulate actual test conditions and provide automatic scoring.

download

ftp://toeflibt:ChaseDream@61.135.144.64/ Barron_iBT_12th_audio.rar 600M (
ftp://toeflibt:ChaseDream@61.135.144.64/barrons_ibt_2006-2007.ISO 430M


CD-ROM (268 Mb rar, 430 Mb ISO)
http://rapidshare.com/files/26146481/Bi7.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/26158404/Bi7.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/26139958/Bi7.part3.rar
password: englishtips.org

Reading Comprehension Success in 20 Minutes a Day

Book Description:

Quick, critical reading is an essential skill that is used in standardized tests, jobs, schools, and more. Be it literature, essays, tech writing, or articles, this fully updated edition of Reading Comprehension Success in 20 Minutes a Day provides a complete close-reading tutorial in an easy 20-step program

download
click here

WORDWEB PRO 5.2

WORDWEB PRO 5.2

Posted on January 31, 2008.
The comprehensive English thesaurus and dictionary includes:

File size: 9 MB
File type: RAR
Download : Rapidshare
http://rapidshare.com/files/76916274/WordWeb_Pro_5.2.rar
Features :
Definitions and synonyms
Proper nouns
Related words
Pronunciations
150 000 root words
120 000 synonym sets
Fixed web reference tabs
Add custom web references
Use custom glossaries
Wildcard word search
Full text definition search
Edit and add to the database
Find and solve anagrams
Search optional word lists

.- Contains a TXT with keys and a Keygen to make your own keys.

.- It is a very good English + English Dictionary